Educational philosophy

Values of Education In Life Introduction: “Education should not end with the academic career. It should continue all through life _ All life is education” (Parsad, 1976, p.9). So education should be built upon the principles of inner growth and the development of inner conscious. The real job of education is to widen, heighten, and enlighten the child’s consciousness. (Parsad, 1976) Scope of educational Values: According to Ibne Khaldum any knowledge of man and society is impossible without “ Value judgment” which means, without knowing the true end of man and society, as well as the degrees of their perfection. One can only measure the actual, know and judge the degree of its imperfection, point out the factors that prevent the actualization of the end of man and the best society, with the help of values. The main aim of the education is to help a person to live in society, so it must be guided by values, and each society has its own set of values. What are Values? The...

Rousseau Introduction: Rousseau is one of the famous Western philosophers of the eighteenth century. During the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries reason ruled as a god , and people like Voltaire revolted against it. Rousseau also led the revolt against reason and he made nature the sole authority over human affairs. Rousseau saw a great divide between the society and the nature and so led the second revolt which was called as the naturalistic movement. He had a great emotion and sympathy for the common man. (Khalid, 1998). Jean- Jacques Rousseau was born on 28 June 1712 in the Geneva, Switzerland in the house of a poor watch maker. His father could not afford a proper education for him so he received informal education from his father. His mother died shortly after birth. From the age of twelve to twenty four he travelled to many places and developed sympathy for poor people. In 1735 he was given the job of tutoring the two sons of M. De Malby. From here his inter...

Pragmatism Definition of Pragmatism Pakistani Public education is heavily reliant on Dewey's ideas. Dewey, on the other hand was one of the all time great educationist and thinker, and a proponent of pragmatism. "Pragmatism" is derived from “Pragma” means practice. Originated in America, Pragmatism maintains that ideas and theories are results of practice, and their value is assessed through knowing their practical results . Meaning and value are two important subject matters of philosophy. The two most important questions are: 1. How meanings are created? 2. How values are determined? Sanders Peirce answers the first question about meaning of ideas. He holds that meaning of ideas lie in their practical consequences. If we want to know the meaning of word hard , it can be known through performing a practical. Through scratching an object, we can know if it is hard or soft. We can scratch a soft object, and we can't scratch a hard one. This precisely is the ...

Stages of education and teaching methods suggested by Plato Plato was a very important and famous educational thinker and Greek philosopher. He was the pupil of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle who have influenced the thinking of people from generation to generation. Plato has touched upon all the important problems and ideas that have ever aroused the interest of the human mind. Plato gave immense importance to education. In his treatise "The republic", Plato has dealt with education in details. In The Republic, he has discussed his aim of Education, his notion of how education should proceed at different stages of life, and about the content of education and a well defined curriculum. for it. In the republic he has drawn up a blue print of what our ideal society should be and what role education has to play in the maintence of justice and the functions of different social classes.  In “Laws’ he says repeatedly: “Education is the first and the fairest thing that t...

Educational theories of Rousseau for boyhood The five stages of Emile according to Rousseau are: Infancy (0-2years) Early childhood (2-6years) Later childhood (6-12years) Boyhood (12-15years) Adolescence (15-21years) Emile’s fourth stage of life which is boyhood is going to be discussed. It covers the years from the age of 12 to the age of 15. This is a period of transition between childhood and adolescence. (Khalid, 1999) Characteristics found in Emile at this stage: Curiosity Utility Self-conscious Reason Intellectual appearance On the verge of adult life Well-built Strong Healthy Characteristics of Emile at this stage On the basis of these characteristics, it is concluded that during this stage he is ready to receive knowledge. Therefore, it is the time for work, instruction and enquiry. It is the time for developing intellect. So far necessity has been the guide, now utility should determine the course. The lost ground during childhood must be recove...

John Dewey (1859-1952) Introduction: John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and practical teacher. He was born in Vermont in New England in 1859. He was the son of a shop keeper and was brought up in rural environment. Dewey revolted against the existing and traditional aims of education such as moral aim, disciplinary aim and the informative aim. He said the schools should strive to elevate the aims of civic and social experience, vocational and practical usefulness and the individual development. Dewey died in New York City on 1 June 1952. The experience of early years brought to him two convictions: i. The traditional methods of schooling were useless. ii. Human contacts of everyday life provide unlimited, natural, and dynamic learning situations. He heard the lively comments and discussions in his father’s shop and realized the strength and power of group consciousness in the various activities of small society. These tw...

Islam - A Complete Way of Life! Islam is an Arabic word and denotes acceptance of God as the Supreme and the Ultimate Reality. It means submission, surrender and obedience. As a religion, Islam stands for complete submission and obedience to God- that is why it is called Islam. The other literal meaning of the word Islam is peace and this signifies that one can achieve real peace of body and of mind only through submission and obedience to God. Such a life of obedience brings peace of heart and establishes real peace in society at large. Unlike many other faiths, the name Islam is neither related with its founder (as in Buddhism or Christianity) nor tribe or race (like in Judaism) nor with land and soil (as in Hinduism). Alkhuli (2007) says “Islam is a religion, but not in the western meaning of religion. The western connotation of the term "religion" is something between the believer and God. Islam is a religion that organizes all aspects of life on both the individual and...